Sunday, April 26, 2009

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The London Book Fair 2009, presented the Espresso Book Machine, a book vending machine. But we can not see in meters, in which there is an offer of ten books, in these you can choose from a range of more than 500,000 books and apparatus at the time you print it. It takes an average of between 5 and 10 minutes. A speed of 100 pages per minute and another for the binding.

The machine costs a whopping EUR 130000. There were already some models installed in museums in the U.S., Canada and the very library of Alexandria. Its creator is a state editor Unidense Eptein named Jason, owner of the company's On Demand Book "the distributor of the machine. Blackwell bookstore chain in England has bought the first machine EBM in Europe and may soon all have a large surface.

So far has only books that have prescribed the rights of the author, the prices are about the same as that of the books in any bookstore. Quality as those who have tested the machine say it is good, the paper is glossy white and somewhat sticky but the style sheet with pictures. It is estimated that by the end of the year, double the number of available titles and print speed. The model presented at the fair was 1.5 and is expected to end this year 2.0.

other hand part of the magic of this invention are the possibilities of printing the print books, old printed books or their own works of writers. We could say that is quite a reinvention of the printing press Gutenber recreating a revolution within the world of culture. Equally we can print just one of many of Leonardo Da Vinci as a novel written by ourselves and so see it finished as a book either.

Thursday, April 23, 2009

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Expresso Book Machine World Digital Library

Earlier days, March 21, 2009, UNESCO in collaboration with 32 states over launched the World Digital Library (WDL) . On this website we have free access to the funds of major international libraries.

The collection of the library started with books, prints, sound recordings, documents, maps, photographs, scores, etc ... The page is in just seven languages \u200b\u200bfor now but soon were increased (English, English, French, Russian, Chinese, Arabic and Portuguese).

Its shelves will find documents of all kinds as a recording of the Lumiere brothers in Holy Week Seville more than a century, newspapers large as Magellan or written characters which do calligraphy as old as China, Persian or Egyptian.

Ultimately a new tool that will allow us to conduct research from home chair in front of the computer. Prior to document or just check out sources that we had was our source library and then move to it, sometimes simply approach our local library and other posing a trip where trick or cajole a friend or relative. For all that is over. Is still at an early stage but already has enough interesting material and promise to continue growing to the point of having the collaboration of libraries in over 60 countries by the end of 2009.

It is okay so confused at this time of globalization will lead to something more than to mergers and takeovers. I think a perfect example of citizenship to try to combine the knowledge of the different cultures of the world to see if we understand a little better.

Tuesday, April 21, 2009

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or Tzar Ivan The Great (Tsar pump).

The June 10, 1961 Nikita Khrushchev approved the project "Big Ivan" or "Tzar" (Zar pump), by which they proceeded to create the largest nuclear bomb in history. Thus began building "Tsar", a 100-megaton nuclear bomb, eight meters long and two wide, was so large that a bomber had to be amended to put it inside. It weighed 27 tons. The pump is built into the secret complex Arzamas-16. It takes 15 weeks to complete. It was composed of several nuclear bombs that explode at the same time. The type of detonation would be composed of several phases (fission-fusion-fission).

These builders were startled by the size of the pump and decided to go changing the premises of this:

-had to remove half of the load, leaving at 50 megatons for fear the impact that would result in climate. He decided to detonate
four kilometers height so that the impact will not happen on the ground creating a substantial earthquake that no one could foresee the results. Some claim that could have altered to the angle you hold the land against its circular motion.
-bomber was painted white to reflect some of the heat and to give a chance of surviving crew of the bomber. For the same reason you put a parachute on the bomb for the same reason. To allow time for the bomber away.

On October 30, 1961 would be launched from a height of 15,000 meters. The flashing light would be seen at a distance of 1000 km and the sound wave would take 49 minutes to reach the distance. In the seismic meter detected an earthquake measuring 5 on the Richter scale. The shock wave would break windows in Finland itself, it would give up to three times around the earth. The area that was formed after the explosion would touch the ground and have a height of 64 kilomentros, reaching the mesosphere and a width at the widest part of the area of \u200b\u200b35 km. You can still see the footprints in impact site.


After that never again will try anything. Many countries continue to do their tests but they never dimensions. To get a comparative idea say that the bomb was equivalent to 3800 Hiroshima bombs, nuclear bombs the U.S. military standards are 150 kilotons, 333 times smaller.

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The Great Pyramid of Giza.

The Great Pyramid of Giza is one of the seven wonders of the ancient world. It is the only one that still stands. Dating from 2750 BC is the largest pyramid in there and taking into account that the pyramids have reached our times, we can say that it is the largest that has ever existed. It was built for the pharaoh Khufu or as the Greeks called him and reached our time, Cheops. It is considered the great pyramid of Giza because it is the whole Giza necropolis , the pyramid in particular is that of Cheops is adjacent to that of Chephren and Menkaure . This cemetery is located just outside the Cairo . The builder was

Hemiunu , a relative of the Pharaoh. It has 2,300,000 blocks ranging from two to sixty tons. 27000 would be covered with limestone blocks. This layer has not reached our times. In the Cairo earthquake XIV century fell part of this and later the Ottomans used the limestone for buildings in Cairo as Hassan Mosque . The monument has a height of 146 meters, until the nineteenth century was the highest stone building in the world. Each side has 230 meters long with a total of 53074 meters square.


Following the Egyptian ideal of the time each side is facing one of the cardinal points. The air channels emerging from the burial chambers and which would serve to facilitate the departure of the soul of the pharaoh and his wife are oriented according to the stars. It has three chambers, the king's chamber, the chamber of the queen and the manhole.

According to current studies are believed to took to build twenty to thirty years. It took about 4000 slaves working on a daily basis (there are those who argue that existed in Egypt and salaried workers would be treated, but we'll leave for another day).

In 1993 a new camera was found in ventilation ducts similar to that in the chamber of the queen. In 2002 he opened the door and found a similar one still open. It is believed that in papyri and may have objects that could give us information that changed our conception of the Egyptian world.

"Man fears time but time fears the pyramids "Egyptian proverb.

Wednesday, April 15, 2009

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The Tavistock Institute (II): Origins?

Although the Tavistock Institute's official website says that his foundation takes place in 1947, after much searching I have not found that it is less clear as there appears. Apparently there are references to the name Tavistock and its previous psychological studies.

The Duke of Bedford and Marquess of Tavistock gives a building in central London with the sole intention to serve a group of doctors, mostly psychologists, as the site where carrying out their studies. It was founded in 1920 the Tavistock Clinic in London. At first they were under the direction of the department of psychological warfare British army. Later in 1947 with money from private donations leading thinkers of the project founded the Tavistock Institute as we know it today. Tavistock Clinic now has merged with the Portman Clinic moving to called "The Tavistock and Portman NHS Foundation Trust . Now let this item by item. The Duke of Bedford and Marquess of Tavistock are two titles of nobility who possess the Russell family with a few more. Herbrand Arthur Russell, was President of the Royal British Zoological Society and graduated in law at the age of 48 years, something quite unusual for the time. Lucho in the two world wars and in Egypt in 1882 and was the donor of that building.

Let the doctors and the group without a seat. The first is the existence of this group of doctors, possibly existed before, but so far each exercise their respective powers and queries and from now occupy the building creating the Tavistock Clinic. Bone that the date of 1920 only serves as a reference to the clinical entity rather than the study group could be formed earlier.

The first director of the clinic was Dr. Crichton Miller's. He worked as professor of psychology at the university of Edinburgh and Pavia, was also vice president the "International General Medical Society for Psychotherapy."

turn the clinic worked for the department of psychological warfare was a British army under the command of Sir John Rawlings Rees. A mix between military and psychologist. He served in the First and Second World War. Became the first president of the World Federción mental health. This organization is a consultant to the United Nations. This was also later founded the Tavistock Institute with money from Rockefeller. Finally was the psychologist in charge of "screen" Rudolph Hess the time he was imprisoned in Scotland, (this topic will leave that for another post and would itself to fill many pages, to leave you with curiosity, I will say that in this case by strangers come to life term implies the 12 th Duke of Bedford and Marquess of Tavistock, the son of the donor famous building. ")

" By working directly for the military branch of British psychological warfare and that made for them?, they were in charge of studying the traumatic effect of the bombings on British veterans of the First World War. The search for the point at which the soldier psychologically bankrupt under the effects of the bombing.

later with private money from the Rockefeller Foundation Tavistock Institute would be created that would feed the members of the Tavistock Clinic. The founders come from the Tavistock Clinic would, Elliot Jaques, Henry Dicks, Leonard Browne, Ronald Hargreaves, John Rawling-Rees, Mary Luff, Wilfred Bion and Tommy Wilson. As you can see the Tavistock Institute is just the evolution of the Tavistock Clinic. Stop relying on a government department into a private institution.

PD: As you can imagine there is a lot more information about this period, but I do not complicate it more by the time it is enough information for a single post. But I hope you have done you some idea of \u200b\u200bwhere it goes subject. Each of the characters names have a history of incredible and often difficult to disentangle.

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GEOLOGICAL TRAIL MAY 9: GEOLOGICAL WALK IN THE COUNTRYSIDE OF SAN JUAN.


GEOLOGICAL WALK THE FIELD OF SAN JUAN "BY THE BANKS OF THE STRAIT Norbet" We came
Bermejo Carlos Diaz, a professor of geology at the IES San Juan de la Cruz (Caravaca)

Saturday May 9, 2009
During the tour we will observe the relief with new eyes, hear what rocks have to tell us and discover the tracks of a sea of \u200b\u200bmillions of years ago.

Short description of trail:
Stop 1. The Sabinar: The Relief as debris or the "archeology" of the landscape.
Stop 2. Country Road San Juan-Moratalla: The subtext of the rocks.
Stop 3. Dam of Risca. The remains of a submarine landslide.
Stop 4. Why do we say that here was the sea?
Stop 5. Sierra boats. Miocene sea swings.
Stop 6. Zaen: Has anyone seen a delta?
Stop 7. Bagile near the farmhouse. What is it so rare?
Stop 8. Bagile North. When a narrow strait, the current run.

Travel time: 4 hours, will go a little while walking and other ... car.

Max: 50 people.
Registration Deadline: May 7.
Bring comfortable shoes and a magnifying glass, if possible, also a reflective vest because we stop near the road. We start

from El Sabinar-Square Church at 10 am . Will end on 14 hours Bagile, who wants to can bring sandwiches to eat in the field. ORGANIZED

: BACK TO EARTH
CONDITIONS: ACTIVITY IS FREE BUT YOU MUST NOTIFY assistance (there are limited places) to asociacion@volveralatierra.org

that area on a will make progress (click on map to enlarge).

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IMAGES OF THE CONFERENCE ON ANIMAL TRACTION TRACTION




About 40 people came together to listen to Alfred discuss their theoretical and practical knowledge on handling of animals in agriculture. I say talk because sadly, despite having done an excellent day, the ground was too wet, two days before had been raining to work on it. However, helped by superb images in the morning and seeing the tools, gardening and animals in the afternoon, we get a fair idea of \u200b\u200bvery special significance and as efficient (maximum effort and energy invested ratio compared to the result obtained rather than motor machinery) than it is to work the land with horses, mares, mules or burros. One conclusion: this technique, or rather the art, alone or combined with motor machinery, not a thing of the past, on the contrary it is a cornerstone for the future sustainability of the planet (do not forget that most farmers the world work only with their hands and tools, even with the strength of animals).
The fun part was more than fulfilled, particularly because of the environment where they spent the day pleasant and the food we share with fraternal insurance. Sorry for those that could not have both things! Maybe next time!
If you want view all photos in this album click below.
2009-04 day
animal traction in agriculture


Alfred gives these Internet addresses that can be curious or necessary for those who want to dig a little in issue of animal traction. If not mastered English, French, German, etc .... can serve at least to see the photos.

http://percheron-international.blogspot.com
http://hippotese.free.fr
www.starke-pferde.de
www.debardage-cheval-environnment.com
www.paardentractie.nl
www.smallfarmersjorunal.com
www.ruralheritage.com
www.equipages en
bourgogne.com www.prommata.org
www.pioneerfarmequipment . com

Tuesday, April 14, 2009

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The Tavistock Institute (I): Introduction.

The Tavistock Institute as it says its website was founded in 1947. It is an independent non-profit. Dedicated to the study of socio-technical systems, this means something like that addresses design, administration and organization of trade, construction, education, industry, government, etc ... its scope is national and international. It is headquartered in London, at the following address: 30 Tabernade Street, EC2A 4DD. Currently has two publications which he expressed his studies and works are on a monthly basis. The first is called "Human Relations" published by "Plenum Press" and the second release, most recent is "Evaluation" published by Sage Publications. At the same time occasionally publish collections of essays devoted to the socio-technical theories.

Roughly this is the Tavistock Institute or so is more or less as they present on their website. Data are very simple to understand and others less so. That's what we will explain below. In this first post I'll settle for explaining the concept of socio-technical studies and used in today's world. Also a small sketch list of related or similar organizations in the world to denote that these issues are more common today.

The theory of socio-technical systems arose in the first place as the worker's interaction with the technologies that worked, and which arose mainly from the industrial revolution, but today the term is understood as the relationship between society and technology, taking this effect reaching consequences beyond the scope of work, cultural and psychological. The term was coined Emery and Trist for the Tavistock Institute in 1960 in a study conducted by the entity in mining.

The institute Tavistock was called by a mining company to conduct a study on productivity. Apparently the new technologies in mining production, far from improving the worse. On this basis the investigation broke. Emery and Trist concluded that the bonds that are created in the mining industry are very strong, they are highly autonomous working groups with freedom of movement and the industrialization of the sector as it is lost. Workers spent to specialize and lost the mobility that existed between them, which made it difficult to replace one of them. Workers develop greater independence losing that mass production system that called for the new era of technology. Thus the Tavistock Institute promoted a new work system, I think this new independence groups and expertise working together and quickly, were rotating between them, increasing production and should have been from the beginning. Created adaptability, human resource optimization to new technologies.

The institute has inspired Sigmund Freud in the unconscious. The institution has always been dedicated to this. The influence of new technologies and the adaptation of society to them. Thus we may speak of mass treatments with the changing world and technology.

Today the Tavistock Institute has been so important that it has led to several entities of the same nature, most of them sponsored by the same institute.

SIQSS The Stanford Institute (Instituto Stanford for the Quantitative Study of Society).
MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)
The Hudson Institute (Hudson Institute)
Heritage Foundation (The Heritage Foundation)
Center Strategic and International Studies at Georgetown. Corporations
Rand and Mitre.
Intelligence Service of the U.S. Air Force.

With the latter two but sponsorship has been a collaborative relationship.

The Institute of Psycho-relations of the Soviet medical school.
Department of Psycho-Correction of Soviet medical school.

As usual with such organization and many contacts there who speaks of the shadow governments, secret societies, world dictatorships, etc ... Little by little in the future we will post the item getting into trying to see that there are reasons to believe this and to what extent have veracity.

Thursday, April 9, 2009

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C. Manises (VI): Entrevista a Javier Cámara, the pilot of F1.

In this sixth issue of the Caso Manises you have an interview with Javier Cámara the pilot of the Mirage F1 would pursue the famous red lights spotted JK-297 flight. It is an interview by Iker Jimenez Cuarto Milenio in the program which also appears Salvador Thomas, the head of Manises airport security, Ramon Zuazu, the commercial airline co-pilot companion Lerdo de Tejada, and Michael Morlan, director Manises airport at that time. As you will understand this is not advertising for anyone, but it is where it happened. The very Frikes not excite me very skeptical and that is not discarded before seeing it. Well there I let you judge for yourselves. Is divided into three parts:


Part 1 Part 2
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C. Manises (V): Curiosities.

dropping the details I have been collecting and I know very well where to fit them into the different post dedicated to this issue. They are curious anecdotes which, though not very enlightening, give us some more information with the intent to discern what really happened and how it handled the case.

1 - In September 1980 the deputy Enrique Mugica in Congress demanded an explanation for what happened those days in the English airspace. Ask three questions to which no answers and found that the Defense Department classified all the data he had and would not make public statements about them.

a. What kind of device caused the diversion of company caravelle APR on the night of November 11, 1979? B.
Why three trades remained unknown for more than four hours over English air space? C.
What kind of aircraft on alert forced the departure of a Mirage F1 of the base of the Plains?

2 - In February 1980, just barely two months of what happened in the case Manises the English prime minister, Adolfo Suárez, witnessed a similar phenomenon when he was on official flight from Germany to Spain.


3 - When the army files were declassified air. Pep Climent ask your photos, the answer was negative. The Air Force refused if any requisitioned. Thanks to journalist Carmen Domenech, who in his research had found some pictures not published in a newspaper. These are depicted the time that Pep Climent and Air Force members were cited. Years later he would find a guard aviation which also stated that the photos were required by the military. Today have already been returned to its owner. The photos are in such poor condition that little has been drawn from them.

4 - black men on duty appeared hours later that the army spoke with Pep Climent in search of the controversial photos. A black limousine stopped in front of the shop where he worked. Offered money for the photos. They spoke with a French accent, boasted of those strange ways that have given so famous men in black. As soon as they learned that the army had requisitioned the photos were gone, leaving behind the mystery. Shortly afterwards learned that black men were not as mysterious as they seem. It was a group of members of the organization GEPAN, is a French foundation dedicated to the study of paranormal cases funded with money from the government of his country. These were very interested in the case when Manises and have one of the richest archives in the world UFO.

5 - Manises flight case, the JK-297 received shortly before the sightings a distress signal coming from the northwest at about sixty miles. The plane's crew radioed the various radars in the area. They confirmed their existence and could see with other aircraft that was taking place. Apparently came from land and sneaked into the stations of the aircraft. For years he has been one of the mysteries of the case. Even today, some say that his explanation is not satisfactory. Personally I have not found the true source of the signal only explanation the army which makes it clear that it is a terrestrial signal that would have nothing to do, just talk of a match.

Thursday, April 2, 2009

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children's crusade.

Legend has it that two children, Nicholas Stephen in France and Germany organized a mass of people of mostly children with the intention of taking Jerusalem, the holy land. We can really talk about two events rather than a single event. Both occurred in the thirteenth century in 1212 and were called the Children's Crusade.

Nicholas, a German boy who lived in Cologne began to preach in the city with the idea of organize a march which later became the idea of \u200b\u200bthe crusade of children. Came to collect about 10000 children and these marched to Genoa where he hoped to find a fleet of ships to help them cross the Mediterranean. Most climbers would die of hunger or cold crossing the Alps. Those who came to Genoa were deterred by the very Pope Innocent III. Most return to their homes, others became citizens of Genoa and finally a small portion would go to Marseille where they would be sold as slaves.

Stephen, a shepherd came to court with letters that he claimed God would have given to be the king himself hiciese reach France. The monarch took them as a joke ignoring the young pastor of Cloeis at first. Said shortly after receiving a new vision in which God gave him the guidelines of the new crusade. Stephen had to gather all the children as possible and march on Jerusalem. What force would have failed would be enhanced by the purity of children. The seas would be opened to get there, and once in the city, the Arabs would have no choice but to open the gates of the city and deliver them to Christianity moved by this demonstration of faith.

Philip II of France tried to dissuade them but and quickly got no children everywhere joined Esteban. The Chronicles of talk time or 30000 of 20000 children. They went to Marseille wiping out the food reserves of the peoples they encountered on the road. Some towns closed their doors to travelers. Once in Marseille seas were not opened as promised Stephen. Much of the committee had disbanded or starved for the road. Some merchants offered their seven boats for the passage to the sea. Two of the ships that were never sank but the other five did a tour of North Africa by selling children as slaves, thus ending the crusade of French children.

Today it is unclear which is real in this story. It appears in the texts of the time when talking about children's crusade. It seems at first were supported by the church, which is why some historians claim that the church wanted to cover this story. One theory says the Capuchin be the architects of such an event. To some experts, children who followed Stephen quickly desist soon start turning to their homes. Children may arrive at the port of Marseilles would be the remains of Nicholas' expedition to Genoa. If it is true that one speaks of 20000 or 30000 people gathered under the idea of \u200b\u200brecovering holy land.

The detail that makes this story completely change lies in the translation of the word "pueri" and were called the bands of peasants forced to sell their land, homeless, prostitutes and other people displaced from the era. It turns out that the word "pueri" in Latin means child. Maybe all it is a mistranslation. The children were so young and they were more than people with nothing to lose, that they should seek a role and perhaps religious monarchs and had no qualms about losing sight.

Wednesday, April 1, 2009

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Gonzalo Fernandez de Cordoba - El Gran Capitán.

The Great Captain - An oil painting by Eduardo Carrio, is at the Institute of Spain in Madrid.

Gonzalo Fernandez de Cordoba was born in 1453 in the castle of Aguilar, in Montillo. His father was the fifth lord of Aguilar and served as a knight on the border between Castile and Granada. Died when he was only two years. His brother inherited the guardianship of the family and their properties. Being the second child was place in weapons. He was educated as a model taking the skirmishes that occurred in the border between Christianity and the Arab world. There was more than just military tactics, he witnessed the use of diplomacy and espionage to win a contest. But mostly he learned that the victory was not for the first hit but are more resistant to the attacks of his opponent.

With only 14 years in 1463, he joined the entourage of Prince Alfonso Avila as a page. His family was an outspoken advocate of Alfonso in enmity to his rival Henry IV of Castile. A year later Alfonso was crowned in the "farce of Avila" that would lead to a civil war against Henry IV. All Gonzalo smiled at the election the winning side if not for that in 1468 Alfonso memory prematurely. This was the first time Gonzalo Fernandez went in the military and politics. There was very successful but it served as experience for the future. In 1474 Gonzalo

would be captured by the Count of Cabra, eternal enemy of his family in the region of Cordoba. In 1476 was released by the Catholic Monarchs, became a part of the retinue of Isabel I of Castile, who was in the midst of a civil war Juana la Beltraneja accounting. The same contention on the hegemony of Castile which had participated but with a different generation of heirs. This time win and be crowned as Queen Isabel of Castile doubt. Gonzalo only fight in one of the last conflicts of the Civil War, led to 120 men in the skirmish of Albuera in Badajoz. Had not yet reached the time, everything was a preparation for what was to come.

Kings I would grant the work to perform various embassies in Nazari kingdom of Granada being king, Boabdil, who had good relacciones Gonzalo. For these tasks would be made a Knight of the Order of Santiago. His military career began to take note to Loja in Granada and the political aspect of his handling of disputes between Arabs of different locations. Some years later in 1492 would be in charge of negotiating the surrender of Granada. Ferdinand II would appoint him governor of Illora where he lived until he was called to go to Italy.

the death of Ferdinand I of Naples, son of Alfonso V of Aragon, taking advantage of the succession, King Charles VIII of France conquer Naples. Ferdinand II was soon to negotiate the support of Alfonso II of Naples, family rightful heir of the Catholic Kings. Rome, Florence and Venice to a lesser extent, allied with the English to drive the French from Italy. Ferdinand II organized an expeditionary force under the command of Gonzalo Fernandez and Alfonso II of Naples. Thus began the first campaign in Italy, the Great Captain.

The expedition arrived by sea to Reggio Calabria where he conquered in 1495. The next step was a disaster, Alfonso V forces were defeated in Seminara and only thanks to Gonzalo Fernandez and the army tactical maneuverability would be saved. Although some Historians speak of the only defeat of the Great Captain fail others speak of as the heir to the throne of Naples and as Gonzalo manages to save the expedition. Gonzalo

saved the army goes on the defensive while waiting for reinforcements to continue the campaign. Keep getting out as defender Reggio and the surrounding area while training his troops in a new way of war. Stop using large masses of soldiers, passing smaller groups but combined between infantry, cavalry and artillery. Create English troops. Troops smaller but more maneuverable and better equipped. Once reinforcements arrived and prepared his army for war would From this modern campaign takes time to drive the Neapolitans. From this moment would not lose any battles. Every time you mention in some contest thirds armies tremble.

The English troops by the porcupine.

In 1496 Alfonso II of Naples would name him governor of several towns in Calabria. Also showed that he was good civilian life and the court. Alexander VI Borgia family in 1498 to Spain for help against pirates Biscayans paid by France that are against the wall. Ferdinand II orders the Great Captain to address them. Quickly beat pirates and capture their leader and brings to the pope so that whatever you see fit. Pope gives the Golden Rose, a reward were given only to the monarchs. Maybe this here the first drop of the enmity between Ferdinand and the Great Captain. Gonzalo was required in Spain where he was awarded a position in Zaragoza away from the cities that offered the Italian nobles.

When the Ottomans in 1500 threatened the peninsula once again the Italian states sought help from the English monarchs. They once again called the Great Captain who without much difficulty echo the Turks of the Adriatic. His success was so resounding in Italy he was appointed the Catholic Monarchs General Lieutenant Apulia and Calabria.

The heir of Alfonso II of Naples pacts with the Turks, which no Christian kingdom would forgive him. France and Spain attacked Naples to depose Fabrique I of Naples. They tried to divide the kingdom of Naples trying to avoid war but could not be, Spain and France resumed hostilities. The Great Captain stood at the head of the troops and made a highly maneuverable war that ended the French army commanded by the Duke of Nemours, who died in the battle of Cerignola, 1503. Louis XII quickly send another of his armies. who was defeated at the battle of Garigliano before year's end. Spain went on to control the kingdom of Naples. So ended the second campaign in Italy.

For some time the Great Captain ruled the region of Naples The English monarch appointed him viceroy of Naples in 1505, but Ferdinand II the Catholic wary of the fame that was reached was not quite agree, was to find a missing person to your dismiss him. The ruling found him in his financial administration, asked to account for their expenses. The Great Captain command the famous accounts of the Great Captain ", a particularly thorough and ironic accounts. Elizabeth had died and his enemy Fernando stated clearly.

was in 1506 when Ferdinand II during a trip to Naples decided to remove the Great Capitan. He added the title of Duke of Santagel, Newfoundland and Bitonto Marques, the Duke of Sessa. He moved to Loja and never betray their master. Papacy received bids to become admiral of his troops and later the papacy and Venice was offered the command of the holy army gathered against Louis XII. In the two bids said that staying in his retirement in Granada where he died in 1515.

The battle of Cerignola - Oil J. Casado de Alisal. It is in the Senate Building in Madrid

Some speak to the destruction of the Great Captain by his sovereign was due to pressure from pro-French Italian nobles. Others say that Ferdinand was so suspicious that he could not trust someone who monopolized much power. Some even speak of a relationship between Elizabeth I, what granjearía his favor but his death would leave via free to Ferdinand to dismiss him. What is certain is that proved to be a great soldier to be the creator of modern warfare. All monarchs tried to copy his style of army. I think the thirds were dominant hosts for almost the next two centuries. And at the end of his life no one could prove anything against his loyalty. Today is an example of the perfect gentleman of the time.

Pd: In honor of "La Camilla." All who study at the Catholic Monarchs understand me.